Primary Role of Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP) Efficacy - 275 Words

Primary Role of Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP) Efficacy (Research Paper Sample) Content: Efficacy of Intelligence-led PolicingNameInstitutionDateIntelligence-led policing (ILP) are mainly applicable to intelligence activities but despite their primary role as an information clearinghouse, they are also applied in other cases like local security and crime prevention. It involves not only intelligence operations but also community-oriented policing and problem solving (Carter, 2005). The all crimes approach includes both terrorist activities and other conventional crimes making crime prevention and terrorism prevention be interrelated and achieved through intelligence-led policing.Using intelligence-led policing not only in intelligence practices is more appropriate than only being applied in intelligence activities only. Blending problem-oriented policing, community-oriented policing and intelligence would be a more practical approach to many criminal activities looking at large-scope problems. Besides relaying information, ILP provides a strategic integra tion of intelligence in the overall mission of organizations (Peterson, 2005). Using a broader intelligence-led policing approach, therefore, serves as t...

It Was Five Minutes Past Mid Night - 2013 Words

It was five minutes past mid-night, Jude was sitting on his computer working on an essay that professor Engle assigned for all of his American History classes. Then suddenly, a video message appeared on his laptop. He was shocked to see his girlfriend tied up in a chair and crying with mascara running down her face. A guy with a mask showed up on the screen, and said: â€Å"If you want to see this pretty face again, you have to show me that you are willing to use your time and brain to get her back.† Jude asked why he was doing this, and the guy simply replied, â€Å"You can say I have a sick obsession with kidnapping girls and putting their boyfriends to the test.† The video disappeared in a blink of an eye. Jude was still in shock, not sure of†¦show more content†¦He walked to a computer and accessed the website that was created. His first task was to find a map that indicated where the state of Palestine is located. Luckily, he knew where the maps were locat ed in the FAU library. Jude felt confident that the first task would be easy; he walked toward the maps, located at the back of the library past the reference collection and near the microfilms. There were so many cabinets that had all kinds of maps in them. He remembered that his history teacher might have mentioned that Palestine and the Middle East are connected in a way. He started reading the labels on each cabinet until he came across a cabinet labeled the Middle East, next to two computers that are used to see the information on microfilms. Jude got a little excited because he thought to there was no way he would not find a map with the country Palestine on it. He took out one map at a time and looked at each one carefully, however, he still had no luck finding a map that had Palestine written on it. He continued reading the labels on the cabinet until he saw a cabinet labeled Asia, and started looking at every map in it, but he had no luck. Jude got so frustrated with himsel f; he took a deep breath and started to brainstorm what his next step should be. He thought to himself what can I use in this library that can be helpful, and the first thing that crossed his mind was the government documents. Which were

Determinants and Effects of Corporate Lobbying †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Determinants and Effects of Corporate Lobbying. Answer: Introduction: The labour per transaction, administration and other expenses has increased 41%, 65% and 30% respectively between 2000 and 2005. Moreover, the margins have not been fixed across locations and they vary between -7% and 32%. According to the proposal of the organisation, the operating expenses could be minimised, which could lead to cost savings of $75 million each year. Hertzs plan for diversification in off-transport locations have failed to generate income commensurate with the capital needed to support it. In addition, there is variation in profit margin between -200% and 55% across off-airport locations. The organisation has proposed that the potential savings of $58 million each year could be recognised from this source. The European SGA expenditures as a percentage of revenue for Hertz have been almost thrice greater compared to that of US. According to CDR, the efficiency from this source would be $33 million each year. US RAC fleet costs: The fleet costs of Hertz are greater compared to its competitors. However, such advantage that the rivalry held over the organisation has been projected to be eliminated, which would lead to greater level playing field (Brigham). The spending on capital expenses of Hertz is more compared to that of the competitors. Minimising this to contrasting levels with Avis would lead to savings of $57 million each year. Aligning the incentives of the managers to concentrate on ROIC has been estimated to result in considerable savings to the order of $32 million every year. Overall, CDR has been expecting to develop $255 million each year approximately. In a conservative manner, it is expected that CDR would recognise 50% of its estimations that would amount to $127 million each year approximately. The transaction structure could be depicted as follows: Development of a new special purpose entity, Fleetco that would purchase vehicles from dealers and OEMs and it would fund the purchases through equity from Hertz and ABS The fleet has ensured security to the ABS of Fleetco and agreements of buyback with the car manufacturers (Hill et al.) There would be leasing terms between Fleetco and Hertz, in which the assets of Fleetco mainly comprise of rental cars and cash contribution on the part of the organisation. The lease payments would make interest payments on the debt of ABS. The parent firm has maintained control of HERC along with renting and servicing them. In the first view, the above transaction structure does not have any effect on the operating efficacies generated with the agreement and it seems to influence the financial aspect of the same. The structure of transaction has been developed to increase the financing accumulated through the fleet of RAC along with tapping the ABS market. On critical evaluation, it could be observed that CDR intended to accomplish the following with this structure: Business stability without any worry of restructuring due to downturns Allowing for volume purchases for mitigating cyclic and seasonal fluctuations in car rental activity CDR intends to obtain adequate liquidity for enabling opportunities to ensure future growth and diversification without refinancing Minimising the overall cost of capital in contrast to the existing capital structure of Hertz The value estimated to be obtained from operational efficiencies have been reliant on the ability of CDR for undertaking decisions without emphasising on putting short-term penalties and independence from the parent in relation to business decisions. The vision has been wider and it relies on full autonomy and flexibility, which has been gathered from this structure. Using this structure and the ability to undertake business decisions without having to repurchase from the parent firm, CDR could minimise the costs of labour (Karadag). It need not have to worry about backlash from the employees of RAC on-airport segment, shutting down RAC off-airport locations and aligning the incentives of the managers in concentrating on major metrics like ROIC. The estimated sources of value comprise of the following: US on-airport segment, in which the margin raises through productivity gains offsetting the cost inflation Off-airport segment, in which the market share is anticipated to increase because of extended penetration of replacement segment (Petty et al.) European and international RAC, in which the steady volume growth and cost volume along with enhancements in margin projected from lessening the gap between US and non-US performance contrasting cost categories HERC, in which the margin improvements for EBITDA have aroused from capital efficiency and leverage of SGA. According to the provided case study, there is an increase of gross EBITDA for RAC each year and the trend is similar in case of adjusted EBITDA as well. The adjusted EBITDA of RAC has been increasing at a rapid pace. Therefore, it could be stated that the value would be raised generated from the improvements of operating efficiency. The Hertz Corporation Particulars Value cost of equity 6.46% Growth rate 3% Share price 17.98 The overall above table mainly depicts the relevant share price of Hertz Corporations, which could help in identifying the relevant equity value of the company. In addition, with the use of DCF method overall share price of Hertz Corporation is mainly identified at 17.98. After seeing the overall valuation of Hertz, it could be advice to CDR for acquiring the company to improve its current operations capability. In addition, Hertz has been operating its renting activities from more than 7,400 locations in 150 countries. The company has provided net income of 365.5 million, while its revenue was around 6.7 billion. This could eventually help boost revenue and profit growth of CDR. Due to the rising revenue of Hertz, Ford was able to generate higher revenue of 17.7 billion in 2004. Therefore, CDR could directly use the valuation for bidding adequately for the acquisition of Hertz, which could directly improve its overall profitability. References: Brigham, Eugene F., and Michael C. Ehrhardt. Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning, 2013. https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=enlr=id=dKk9wU3M-KoCoi=fndpg=PR3dq=Brigham,+Eugene+F.,+and+Michael+C.+Ehrhardt.+Financial+management:+Theory+%26+practice.+Cengage+Learning,+2013.ots=yYEVx6DJ-Qsig=ZYhPJ3z_Hyxm4NYQ1Go985Y9RWo#v=onepageq=Brigham%2C%20Eugene%20F.%2C%20and%20Michael%20C.%20Ehrhardt.%20Financial%20management%3A%20Theory%20%26%20practice.%20Cengage%20Learning%2C%202013.f=false Hill, Matthew D., G. Wayne Kelly, G. Brandon Lockhart, and Robert A. Ness. "Determinants and effects of corporate lobbying." Financial Management 42, no. 4 (2013): 931-957. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/G_Lockhart/publication/228239308_Determinants_and_Effects_of_Corporate_Lobbying/links/0c9605233c1c6eb80d000000/Determinants-and-Effects-of-Corporate-Lobbying.pdf Karadag, Hande. "Financial management challenges in small and medium-sized enterprises: A strategic management approach."Emerging Markets Journal5, no. 1 (2015): 26. https://emaj.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/emaj/article/viewFile/67/239 Petty, J. William, Sheridan Titman, Arthur J. Keown, Peter Martin, John D. Martin, and Michael Burrow.Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson Higher Education AU, 2015. https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=enlr=id=WyviBAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Petty,+J.+William,+Sheridan+Titman,+Arthur+J.+Keown,+Peter+Martin,+John+D.+Martin,+and+Michael+Burrow.+Financial+management:+Principles+and+applications.+Pearson+Higher+Education+AU,+2015.ots=qqPe1JruQwsig=CC8470VAhIRRtgPjDIa9dM4liqc#v=onepageq=Petty%2C%20J.%20William%2C%20Sheridan%20Titman%2C%20Arthur%20J.%20Keown%2C%20Peter%20Martin%2C%20John%20D.%20Martin%2C%20and%20Michael%20Burrow.%20Financial%20management%3A%20Principles%20and%20applications.%20Pearson%20Higher%20Education%20AU%2C%202015.f=false

The impact of cultural differences between US and China on global business

Introduction In the recent past China’s economy has grown at unprecedented rate making it an attractive country for foreign investment. In this context, Yim (n.d) notes that â€Å"†¦the current and potential growth of the Chinese economy means that US and European organizations increasingly want to work with Chinese partner organizations† (p.1). It is significant to note that China is the â€Å"†¦second largest trading partner of the US, after Canada† (Fang n.d, p.1)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of cultural differences between US and China on global business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are several reasons making US businesses expansion into China. China is often seen as a source of cheap labour for both skilled and unskilled labour. This great advantage resonates well with most US firms keen on cutting costs to make competitive products for a global market. Another major advantage is the knowledge base of the Chinese technical personnel that is at par with that of the US. However, despite the great potential of the US-China business relations there are challenges occasioned by cultural differences. Cultural differences between the US and China There are several cultural differences between the US and China. These cultural differences include the respect for hierarchy, the attitude to work and the concept of self among other differences. China and US practice different cultural practices in respect to hierarchy within a business and social life set up. China thrives in a culture where people are expected to know their role and place within a social set up. This extends to the social relations between workers within a business environment. On the other hand, Americans are less conscious of hierarchies in a social set up and tend to be more informal in work places compared to their Chinese counterparts. Most of the Chinese perceptions on social hierarchy are derived from Confucianism, a philosophical view of life developed by Confucius. One major cultural difference occurring due to the Confucianism is the treatment of women. The philosophical attitude of Confucianism is that women should defer to their male counterparts. This contrasts sharply with the American society’s perception towards women which encourages independence and equality. Due to the differing attitude towards women, most American companies are extremely careful when sending women leaders to negotiate business with Chinese or to work in senior positions in China. The attitudes towards work differ in a radical way between the Americans and the Chinese. The Chinese place a premium to maintaining relationship as opposed to accomplishing a given social or business objective. In this context, the Chinese would rather forgo achieving a business objective if the achievement of the same is likely to destroy critical relationships between the involved personnel.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In contrast, Americans place a premium in achieving the given business objective without overly caring on the impact of the same on the social relationship between the involved personnel. This is cemented by phrases such as â€Å"It is nothing personal† and â€Å"It is just business†. Closely related to the attitude towards work is the concept of self as practised between the Americans and the Chinese. The Chinese value team work and achievements in contrast to individual promotion and sense of achievement. In this context, Chinese companies do value team spirit and individual excellence is not overly encouraged. On the other hand, Americans thrive on individual ambitions and excellence which is not only encouraged but also celebrated. Treatment of the four marketing P’s: Product, Price, Promotion and Place The re are differences between the Americans and the Chinese in the context of the four marketing P’s that is product, price, promotion and place. Product The Americans place a premium on intellectual property and are keen on protecting their innovation and technology. Americans do value quality goods and are more conscious to the standards of the goods they produce and purchase. In contrast to the American philosophy towards products, Chinese are more concerned with quantity as compared to quality. Their products are often meant for the mass markets and as such tend to be of lower quality but cheaper prices. The goods are often geared to solving immediate needs as opposed to long term utilization. More often than not their items are imitation of established brands from other countries. Indeed China’s products have been synonymous with low quality but cheap price that is ideal for developing economies. Sometimes the Chinese are prone to infringing on intellectual rights. P rice The differences in attitudes to pricing of goods between the Americans and Chinese can best be described using their consumption habits. Due to the importance of the social relationship in a close knit society, Chinese are prone to spending more on the goods meant to be given out as gifts. Ackerman Tellis (2001) captures the Chinese attitude towards goods in the following manner: In a collectivist culture such as China, the symbolic meanings of public goods are more important than in an individualist culture. Social recognition is more important when social relations are stronger (Schutte, 1998). Social norms of reciprocity in gift giving in China also contribute to the importance of the symbolic meaning of public consumption goods. Status goods and high prices symbolize the importance of the relationship to the giver. (Ackerman Tellis 2001, p.63)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of cultural differences between US and China on global business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to the above attitude towards public consumption goods, prices of the goods used as gifts are likely to be highly priced in China as compared to the US. However, in private consumption Chinese are more price conscious and more selective than their American counterparts. The Chinese are likely to take longer shopping as they examine different brands of a given item before finally making their choice. In this context, goods meant for day to day use are significantly cheaper in China as compared to the US. Promotion Business promotion is often linked to advertising either through print or audio visual media amongst other methods. In contrast to the Americans, Chinese are relatively more reserved and emotionally modest. In the context of business promotion, Americans employ more direct and engaging business promotion techniques especially though audio visual advertising. These business promotion techni ques are likely to promote personal gratification and happiness. On the other hand, Chinese are likely to frown on an outward and direct display of emotions in the process of business promotion. Place The US and the Chinese businesses often have different attitudes in relations to places in which they conduct business. The Americans value personal space and some standard minimum working conditions for their workers. Some of these standard minimum working conditions would include ensuring that workers are housed in reasonable working conditions with proper ventilation and escape routes. In this sense, American businesses are likely to be more spacious and airily. In a contrast, Chinese are into production of goods meant for mass markets which are cheap and often of poor quality. In order to make cheap products, Chinese companies increasingly need to cut on costs and hire cheap labour. In this regard, the cheap labour may be contained in small working places with minimum emergency exi ts and ventilations. In this context, US companies are likely to occupy larger areas for a similar workforce as compared to the Chinese companies. The clash of American and Chinese on ethical issues The Chinese and the Americans clash on various issues that may touch on personal preferences and social norms. However, there are instances in which the two clash on ethical issues that sometimes affect the working business relationship. Two of the ethical issues in which the two countries clash on include protection of intellectual rights and human rights conditions. The Americans value democracy and human rights form core part of their business ethics. These human rights extend to business norms and laws such as lack of discriminations on any grounds and extension of humane working conditions for their employees.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In contrast, the Chinese have relatively little regard for democracy and human rights. In this sense Chinese firms are more often than not accused of having workers in deplorable conditions in their factories. China has also been accused of doing business with failed governments with poor human rights record. The issue of intellectual protection is another area of great cultural clash between the Americans and the Chinese. The Americans are very particular on protecting their innovation and technical know how. However, the Chinese are prone to making imitation of other people’s innovation and in the process making less quality products than the original. In this context, China is renowned for producing substandard goods often infringing of intellectual copyrights. In this context, there has often between lawsuits between some Chinese companies and their American counterparts in relation to copyright infringement especially on cell phone industry. References Ackerman, D Tellis , G. (n.d). Can culture affect prices? A cross-cultural study of  Shopping and retail prices. Web. Fang, G (n.d). U.S./China Differences and Their Impacts on Business Behaviours. Web. Yim, K. (n.d). Bridging US-China cross-cultural differences using internet and groupware technologies. Web. This essay on The impact of cultural differences between US and China on global business was written and submitted by user Cloud 9 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gender Role Violations essays

Gender Role Violations essays A stereotype is a fixed or conventional notion or concept. There are many different stereotypes. Gender, racial and ages are among some of them. Gender stereotyping is perhaps one of the more serious ones. Stereotypes often associate girls as being cute, sweet, loving and understanding. Although some girls may fit into this stereotype, it can be assured that not all girls are like that and some are just the opposite of this stereotype. Stereotypes often associate boys as being mischievous, carefree, dirty, mean, cruel and stupid. For example, displays of emotion are often criticized for being un-masculine. Whereas emotional behavior in girls is expected, and therefore accepted. Some boys may fit into this stereotype; there are most likely some that dont. Girls can be at least as bad as boys can and likewise boys can be just as sweet as some girls can, if not so more. A lot of males violent behavior and females actions can mostly be accredited to family. Parents usually raise boys to be more on the aggressive side. Playing sports such as hockey and football, which encourage violence. Girls, however, are generally brought up on more feminine activities. Some examples of these are figure skating, dance and gymnastics, just to name a few. Biology, too can have a role in the effects of stereotypes. The males role as being a dominant is apparent before birth. There is a prenatal process that is responsible for this. Testosterone, the predominant male hormone, is rooted before birth and is responsible for the maturing of the areas of the brain that are related too. The fact that men are more willing to endure pain to understand what they must do for dominance is an example of something that could be more biologically inclined. When it comes to different levels of control in different situations, it is still assumed that men have the upper hand. Research done over the years has shown that men an...

Analyze a photogrpah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyze a photogrpah - Essay Example The figure of Ophelia has long been symbolic of the silencing of women in literature and in the larger context of society itself. Crewdson uses the same principle to create his work. It is interesting to note that the artistic representations of Ophelia changes media over time as well. Starting from the famous oil on canvas painting of Ophelia by John Everett Millais, the more haunting painting of Ophelia by Pierre Auguste Cot to the rich, pastoral representation by painter Henry Nelson O’ Neil, the image of the manic depressive drowning herself seemed to have struck a chord with several artists over the ages. Crewdson recognises this timeless quality of the character and chooses to interpret it himself also but in the different, more contemporary, medium of film. Studying the picture closely reveals how the same motif of female suppression persists in history. Here, the scene is not a forest and a river, but a regular drawing room. The drawing room itself, although not overtl y outrageous, is extremely surrealistic and eerie in some ways. The most visible evidence of its unnatural condition, of course, is the water that appears to flood the room. The still water with the woman’s hand partly submerged in it appears almost frozen and lends the entire scene a rigid, menacing quality. The drawing room is heavily furnished, almost stifling.

Read the article first, then answer the question Assignment

Read the article first, then answer the question - Assignment Example Public praise and recognition are examples of intrinsic rewards, while tangible rewards in the workplace such as promotions are examples of extrinsic rewards. A good leader is able to inspire others through his actions, words, and job achievements. In workplaces were the bosses show favoritism employees often get discourage and lose motivation. Felt inequity in the workplace is a factor that destroys motivation. Equity theory states that employees will react based on their felt perception of fairness and justice (Managementstudyguide). Motivating the employees is in the best interest of the manager or leader. Employees that are motivated are more likely able to achieve job satisfaction. â€Å"In order for an organization to be successful they must continuously ensure the satisfaction of their employees† (Arizona). Companies that have motivated staffs suffer from lower employee turnover rate. Losing employees is not in the best interest of companies since employee churn hurts the company in terms of training cost, productivity, and recruiting expenses. In the case study Bonuses can Backfire the company made the mistake of relying solely on bonuses to motivate employees. The use of rewards can reduce the employees’ intrinsic interest in the task they are supposed to perform. A more effective strategy is for a manager to combine the use of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. It is important for employees to get the moral support of their superiors. Often intangible rewards such as telling a worker that they did a good job at the end of the shift can inspire the employee. Sometimes employees cheat the system and act in unethical and illicit manners in order to obtain a financial reward. Kenneth Fay, former CEO of Enron, is an example of an executive that falsified financial information to obtain an economic benefit. His bonuses were tied to the financial performance of the corporation. Companies must never